THE SPECIFICS OF THE STUDY OF CULTURE IN RUSSIA // Bulletin of BSU. Language. Literature. Culture. - 2018. №4. . - С. 59-63.

THE SPECIFICS OF THE STUDY OF CULTURE IN RUSSIA

UDK: 130.2

The article provides a brief analysis of the history of the development of cultural science in Russia. The main milestones in the formation of the national tradition of the study of culture are distinguished: Slavophilism and Westernism, Russian religious philosophy, philosophy of the “Silver Age”, Eurasianism, the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. Representing the diversity and originality of the search for domestic thinkers of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the author focuses on the theory of cultural and historical types of N.Ya. Danilevsky, the characteristics of the Russian soul N.A. Berdyaev, the Russian idea and Eurasianism. In the Soviet period, there was an excessive ideologization of cultural studies, which was overcome in the 1970s by the development of a whole range of conceptual approaches to understanding culture. The most promising of them is the activity approach, the theory of ethnogenesis of L.N. Gumilev becomes famous. At the end of the twentieth century, it became obvious that Soviet social science was not able to generalize ideas about the changing cultural reality and predict the future.

culture; cultural studies; cultural and historical development; genesis, dynamics, typology of culture; USSR.