BSU bulletin. Philosophy
Bibliographic description:
SYNCRETISM OF TENGRIANISM AND BUDDHISM IN THE NOMADIC CIVILIZATION OF INNER ASIA // BSU bulletin. Philosophy. - 2016. №3. Философия. Philosophy. - С. 105-118.
Title:
SYNCRETISM OF TENGRIANISM AND BUDDHISM IN THE NOMADIC CIVILIZATION OF INNER ASIA
Financing:
Codes:
Annotation:
The article deals with the general historical, ethnogenetic, cultural, religious and philo- sophical factors that led to commonality and internal relationship of Tengrianism and the Northern Mahayana Buddhism and played an important role in the synthesis of "Tengrism" and Buddhism in the Middle Ages.
We believe that Tengrianism and Buddhism arose on the ethnogenetical, civilizational and cultural levels as the closely related religious and traced their roots from the initial Aryan-Turanian religion of Protomongols and Turks. The last originated in the Sayano- Altai ethnic and cultural area of Southern Siberia, which was an ancestral home of the Turkic-Mongol Tengrianism and so-called religion of the Aryans, as well as the home of the whole Eurasian nomadic (pastoral) civilization. Later Buddhism in India branched out from this religion.
We also analyzed such developed religious and philosophical schools of the Turanic- Aryan civilization as Zoroastrianism and its special branch – Mithraism, Bon religion of Tibet, Chinese Taoism, Altaic Ak-Jang and the Buryat-Mongolian version of Turko- Mongolian Tengrian Religion as a syncretic religion that had been formed due to the synthesis of Mithraic-Zoroastrian traditions with particularly nomadic ethnic and cultural traditions.
We believe that Tengrianism and Buddhism arose on the ethnogenetical, civilizational and cultural levels as the closely related religious and traced their roots from the initial Aryan-Turanian religion of Protomongols and Turks. The last originated in the Sayano- Altai ethnic and cultural area of Southern Siberia, which was an ancestral home of the Turkic-Mongol Tengrianism and so-called religion of the Aryans, as well as the home of the whole Eurasian nomadic (pastoral) civilization. Later Buddhism in India branched out from this religion.
We also analyzed such developed religious and philosophical schools of the Turanic- Aryan civilization as Zoroastrianism and its special branch – Mithraism, Bon religion of Tibet, Chinese Taoism, Altaic Ak-Jang and the Buryat-Mongolian version of Turko- Mongolian Tengrian Religion as a syncretic religion that had been formed due to the synthesis of Mithraic-Zoroastrian traditions with particularly nomadic ethnic and cultural traditions.
Keywords:
Eurasian mega civilization, unity and integrity of the Tengrian-Buddhist ci- vilization, the Turanic-Aryan civilization, nomadic civilizations of Eurasia, Zoroastrian- ism, Mithraism, Bon religion of Tibet, Chinese Taoism, Altai Ak-Jang, the Buryat-Mongolian version of the Turko-Mongol Tengrianism, Tibetan Mahayana Buddhism, Epic of King Gesar.
List of references:
1. Abaev N. V. Otrazhenie religiozno-mifologicheskikh predstavlenii narodov Saya- no-Altaya v skifo-sakskoi mifologii [Reflection of Religious and Mythological Perceptions of the Sayano-Altai Peoples in Scythian-Saka Mythology]. Vestnik Burytskogo gosu- darstvennogo universiteta. Ser. 16. Politologiya, kul'turologiya — Bulletin of Buryat State University. Ser. 16. Political Science, Cultural Studies. 2004. V. 1.
2. Abaev N. V. Nebesnyi Zmei-Drakon v voinskikh kul'takh tyurko-mongol'skikh na- rodov Sayano-Altaya i Tsentral'noi Azii [Heavenly Serpent-Dragon in Military Cults of Sayano-Altai and Central Asia Turko-Mongol Peoples]. G. N. Potanin i narody Altae- Sayanskogo Gornogo regiona: cherez pokolenie v budushchee — G. N. Potanin and the Peoples of Altai-Sayan Mountain Region: Through Generations to the Future. Gorno- Altaisk, 2005.
3. Abaev N. V. Karma-ioga v iskusstve strel'by iz luka: nekotorye metafizicheskie i etiko-psikhologicheskie aspekty [Karma Yoga is the Art of Archery: Some Meta-Physical, Ethical and Psychological Aspects]. Problemy, perspektivy podgotovki vysokokvalifitsiro- vannykh sportsmenov po strel'be iz luka — Problems and Prospects of Training Highly Skilled Athletes in Archery. Proc. Int. sci.-pract.conf. Yakutsk: Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University Publ., 2014.
4. Abaev N. V. O kul'te Nebesnogo Zmeya-Drakona v iskusstve boevogo i sportiv- nogo edinoborstva buryat-mongolov [About the Cult of Heavenly Serpent-Dragon in Mar- tial Arts and Combat Sports of Buryat-Mongols]. Boevye iskusstva i sportivnye edino- borstva Vostoka i Zapada: istoriya, sovremennost' i perspektivy — Martial Arts and Com- bat Sports of the East and the West: Past, Present and Prospects. Proc. Int. sci.-pract. conf. (Ulan-Ude, June 5, 2014).
5. Abaev N. V. O chem povedal Madarskii vsadnik uchastnikam 5-i Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii po tengrianstvu v Bolgarii (g. Varna) [What Madara Horseman Told the Partic- ipants of the 5th International Conference on Tengrism in Bulgaria (Varna)]. Available at: http://tengrifund.ru/madarskij-vsadnik.html-2015.
6. Abaev N. V. Kul't svyashchennykh gor i tengrianskii epos buryat-mongolov [The Cult of Sacred Mountains and Tengrian Epic of Buryat-Mongols]. 2nd ed. Irkutsk, 2015.
7. Abaev N. V. Kul't svyashchennykh gor i Ekhor v kontekste idei metafizicheskogo «kruga» [The Cult of Sacred Mountains and Yokhor in the Context of Metaphysical "Cir- cle"]. Krugovye tantsy: Priroda – Chelovek – Kosmos — Circular Dances: Nature – Hu- man – Space. Yakutsk, 2014.
8. Abaev N. V., Dashnyam L. Izuchenie dukhovno-kul'turnykh osnov tengriansko- buddiiskoi tsivilizatsii Tsentral'noi i Vnutrennei Azii v rabotakh U. P. Bicheldei [Study of Spiritual and Cultural Foundations of Tengrian-Buddhist Central and Inner Asian Civiliza- tion in the Works of U. P. Bicheldei]. Po mostu vremeni – iz proshlogo v budushchee — On the Bridge of Time – From the Past to the Future. Kyzyl, 2014.
9. Abaev N. V., Khobrakov Ts. S. Buryat-mongol'skaya shkola edinoborstva «Shonyn-basha» – «Stil' Nebesnogo Volka» [Buryat-Mongolian School of Matrial Art "Shonyn-Basha" – "Heavenly Wolf Style"]. Ulan-Ude, 2015.
10. Abaeva L. L. Etnicheskaya kul'tura mongol'skikh narodov v kontekste buddiiskik h traditsii i sovremennoi nauki [Ethnic Culture of the Mongolian People in the Context of Buddhist Traditions and Modern Science]. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo univer- siteta. V. 6. Filosofiya, sotsiologiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya — Bulletin of Buryat State University. V. 6. Philosophy, Sociology, Political Science, Cultural Studies. Ulan-Ude: Buryat State Univerisity Publ., 2011.
11. Abaeva L. L. Religioznaya kul'tura mongol'skikh narodov v prostranstve i vremeni [Religious Culture of the Mongolian People in Space and Time]. Olon ulsyn mongolch er- demtdiin Kh Ikh Khurlyniltgeluud. Ulaanbaatar, 2012.
12. Abaeva L. Religious Indentity of Indigenous Peoples in Central Asia and Siberia in the Modern Time. Karadeniz: Black Sea, 2013. V. 19
13. Aver'yanov B. V., Abaev N. V. Mitraizm v simvolike Madarskogo vsadnika (po materialam 5-i mezhdunarodnoi konf. po tengrianstvu v Bolgarii) [Mithraism in the Madara Horseman Symbolism (on the basis of materials from 5th Int. conf. on Tengrism in Bulga- ria)]. Mezhkul'turnaya kommunikatsiya: osnovy didaktiki — Intercultural Communication: The Foundations of Didactics. Ulan-Ude: Buryat State University Publ., 2015.
14. Aver'yanov B. V., Abaev N. V. Khas-tamga v buryat-mongol'skom tengrianstve v period kvantovogo perekhoda [Khas Tamga in Buryat-Mongolian Tengrism during the Quantum Transition Period]. Available at: http://asiarussia.ru/articles/9161/ (accessed Sep- tember 19, 2015).
15. Baizhumin Zh. Istoriya rozhdeniya, zhizni i smerti pastukha Avelya. Ariiskii leksi- kon [The History of Shepherd Abel’s Birth, Life and Death. The Aryan Lexicon]. Almaty,2009. Bk 1–2.
16. Baizhumin Zh. Turan. Vzglyad na istoriyu chelovechskogo obshchestva [Turan. A Look at the History of Human Society]. Almaty, 2012.Parts 1–4.
17. Baldanzhapov P. B. Zametki o toponimike Zabaikal'ya [Notes on the Toponymy of Transbaikal]. Etnograficheskii sbornik — Ethnographic Collection. Ulan-Ude, 1960. V.1.
18. Baldanzhapov P. B. Altan Tobchi [Golden Summary]. Ulan-Ude, 1970.
19. Iliev A. L. Tangra i bolgary [Tangra and Bulgarians]. Tengrianstvo i epicheskoe nasledie narodov Evrazii: istoki i sovremennost' — Tengrianism and Epic Heritage of Eu- rasian Peoples: Origins and the Present. Proc. 4th Int. sci.-pract. conf. (October 9–10,2013). Ulaanbaatar, 2013.
20. Koval' A. S. Simargl ili Vasilevs (Poslannik mezhdu nebom i zemlei) [Simargl or Basileus (Messenger between Heaven and Earth)]. Proc. 5th Int. sci.-pract. conf. September
20–25, 2015, Varna (Bulgaria). Sofia: BDNIK, 2015.
21. Konovalov P. B. Etnicheskie aspekty istorii Tsentral'noi Azii (drevnost' i sredne- vekov'e) [Ethnic Aspects of the Central Asia History (Antiquity and the Middle Ages)]. Ulan-Ude, 1999.
22. Kotozhekov A. I. «Altyn Archol» — kak ponyatie vysshego puti v tengrianstve ["Altyn Archol" as a Concept of the Higher Path in Tengrianism]. Tengrianstvo i epi- cheskoe nasledie narodov Evrazii: istoki i sovremennost' — Tengrianism and Epic Heritage of Eurasian Peoples: Origins and the Present. Proc. 4th Int. sci.-pract. conf. (October 9–10,2013). Ulaanbaatar, 2013.
23. Abaev N. V., Aver'yanov B. V. Printsipy edinstva i tselostnosti tengriansko- buddiiskoi tsivilizatsii [The Principles of Tengrian-Buddhist Civilization Unity and Integri- ty]. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye issledovaniya Vnu- trennei Azii — Bulletin of Buryat State University. Humanitarian Studies of Inner Asia. 2003. No. 3. Pp. 12–13.
24. Kotozhekov A. I. Astoriya. Abakan: Dom literatorov Khakasii, 2015.
25. Malyavkin A. G. Tanskie khroniki o gosudarstvakh Tsentral'noi Azii [Tang Chron- icles of Central Asian States]. Novosibirsk, 1989.
26. Mironova V. Yu. Mir posle kvantovogo perekhoda [The World after the Quantum Transition]. Available at: http://www.vrata11.ru/index.php?Itemid=33&catid=13:2011-03-15-23-51-0&id=882:2014-&option=com_content&view=article (accessed November 23,2014).
27. Neikova R. Ne unizhaite nashikh bogov… [Do not Humiliate our Gods ...]. Ten- grianstvo i epicheskoe nasledie narodov Evrazii: istoki i sovremennost' — Tengrianism and Epic Heritage of Eurasian Peoples: Origins and the Present. Proc. 4th Int. sci.-pract. conf. (October 9–10, 2013). Ulaanbaatar, 2013.
28. Fedorova L. V. Idei tengrianstva i sakral'nost' instituta vlasti [Ideas of Tengrianism and Sacred Institution of Power]. Tengrianstvo i epicheskoe nasledie narodov Evrazii: istoki i sovremennost' — Tengrianism and Epic Heritage of Eurasian Peoples: Origins and the Present. Proc. 4th Int. sci.-pract. conf. (October 9–10, 2013). Ulaanbaatar, 2013.
29. Fedorova L. V. Sokral'noe v ideologii evraziistva Avtoref. dis. kand. filos. nauk [Sacred in the Ideology of Eurasianism. Author’s abstract of Cand. philos. sci. diss.]. Mos- cow, 2013.
30. Fedorova L. V., Abaev N. V. Tengrianstvo i «shamanizm»: printsipial'nye razli- chiya stadial'no-tipologicheskikh form religii [Tengrianism and "Shamanism": Fundamen- tal Differences of Stadial and Typological Forms of Religion]. Sotsial'nye protsessy v sovremennoi Zapadnoi Sibiri — Social Processes in Modern Western Siberia. Gorno-Altaysk: Gorno-Altaisk State Univesity Publ., 2012. V. 13.
31. Tsydendambaev Ts. B. Buryatskie istoricheskie khroniki i rodoslovnye [Buryat Historical Chronicles and Family Trees]. Ulan-Ude, 1972.
32. Chagdurov S. Sh. Poetika Geseriady [Poetics of Geseriada]. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State University Publ., 1993.
33. Chagdurov S. Sh. Proiskhozhdenie Geseriady [The Origin of Geseriada]. Novosi- birsk, 1980.
34. Chagdurov S. Sh. Ergune-khun — prarodina mongoloyazychnykh rodov i plemen [Ergune-Hun asan Ancestral Home of Mongolian Tribes and Clans]. Mezhdunarodnyi kon- gress mongolovedov: Doklady Rossiiskoi delegatsii — International Congress of the Mon- golian Scholars: The Reports of Russian Delegation. Moscow, 1997.
35. Chagdurov S. Sh. Gornaya Buryatiya — prarodina vsekh mongolov [Mountainous Buryatia as an Ancestral Home of the Mongols]. Filologicheskii sbornik — Philological Collection.Ulan-Ude, 1999.
36. Mavrov Spas. Kholobar. The secrets of Tangraism. Varna: Dangrafik, 2007.
2. Abaev N. V. Nebesnyi Zmei-Drakon v voinskikh kul'takh tyurko-mongol'skikh na- rodov Sayano-Altaya i Tsentral'noi Azii [Heavenly Serpent-Dragon in Military Cults of Sayano-Altai and Central Asia Turko-Mongol Peoples]. G. N. Potanin i narody Altae- Sayanskogo Gornogo regiona: cherez pokolenie v budushchee — G. N. Potanin and the Peoples of Altai-Sayan Mountain Region: Through Generations to the Future. Gorno- Altaisk, 2005.
3. Abaev N. V. Karma-ioga v iskusstve strel'by iz luka: nekotorye metafizicheskie i etiko-psikhologicheskie aspekty [Karma Yoga is the Art of Archery: Some Meta-Physical, Ethical and Psychological Aspects]. Problemy, perspektivy podgotovki vysokokvalifitsiro- vannykh sportsmenov po strel'be iz luka — Problems and Prospects of Training Highly Skilled Athletes in Archery. Proc. Int. sci.-pract.conf. Yakutsk: Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University Publ., 2014.
4. Abaev N. V. O kul'te Nebesnogo Zmeya-Drakona v iskusstve boevogo i sportiv- nogo edinoborstva buryat-mongolov [About the Cult of Heavenly Serpent-Dragon in Mar- tial Arts and Combat Sports of Buryat-Mongols]. Boevye iskusstva i sportivnye edino- borstva Vostoka i Zapada: istoriya, sovremennost' i perspektivy — Martial Arts and Com- bat Sports of the East and the West: Past, Present and Prospects. Proc. Int. sci.-pract. conf. (Ulan-Ude, June 5, 2014).
5. Abaev N. V. O chem povedal Madarskii vsadnik uchastnikam 5-i Mezhdunarodnoi konferentsii po tengrianstvu v Bolgarii (g. Varna) [What Madara Horseman Told the Partic- ipants of the 5th International Conference on Tengrism in Bulgaria (Varna)]. Available at: http://tengrifund.ru/madarskij-vsadnik.html-2015.
6. Abaev N. V. Kul't svyashchennykh gor i tengrianskii epos buryat-mongolov [The Cult of Sacred Mountains and Tengrian Epic of Buryat-Mongols]. 2nd ed. Irkutsk, 2015.
7. Abaev N. V. Kul't svyashchennykh gor i Ekhor v kontekste idei metafizicheskogo «kruga» [The Cult of Sacred Mountains and Yokhor in the Context of Metaphysical "Cir- cle"]. Krugovye tantsy: Priroda – Chelovek – Kosmos — Circular Dances: Nature – Hu- man – Space. Yakutsk, 2014.
8. Abaev N. V., Dashnyam L. Izuchenie dukhovno-kul'turnykh osnov tengriansko- buddiiskoi tsivilizatsii Tsentral'noi i Vnutrennei Azii v rabotakh U. P. Bicheldei [Study of Spiritual and Cultural Foundations of Tengrian-Buddhist Central and Inner Asian Civiliza- tion in the Works of U. P. Bicheldei]. Po mostu vremeni – iz proshlogo v budushchee — On the Bridge of Time – From the Past to the Future. Kyzyl, 2014.
9. Abaev N. V., Khobrakov Ts. S. Buryat-mongol'skaya shkola edinoborstva «Shonyn-basha» – «Stil' Nebesnogo Volka» [Buryat-Mongolian School of Matrial Art "Shonyn-Basha" – "Heavenly Wolf Style"]. Ulan-Ude, 2015.
10. Abaeva L. L. Etnicheskaya kul'tura mongol'skikh narodov v kontekste buddiiskik h traditsii i sovremennoi nauki [Ethnic Culture of the Mongolian People in the Context of Buddhist Traditions and Modern Science]. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo univer- siteta. V. 6. Filosofiya, sotsiologiya, politologiya, kul'turologiya — Bulletin of Buryat State University. V. 6. Philosophy, Sociology, Political Science, Cultural Studies. Ulan-Ude: Buryat State Univerisity Publ., 2011.
11. Abaeva L. L. Religioznaya kul'tura mongol'skikh narodov v prostranstve i vremeni [Religious Culture of the Mongolian People in Space and Time]. Olon ulsyn mongolch er- demtdiin Kh Ikh Khurlyniltgeluud. Ulaanbaatar, 2012.
12. Abaeva L. Religious Indentity of Indigenous Peoples in Central Asia and Siberia in the Modern Time. Karadeniz: Black Sea, 2013. V. 19
13. Aver'yanov B. V., Abaev N. V. Mitraizm v simvolike Madarskogo vsadnika (po materialam 5-i mezhdunarodnoi konf. po tengrianstvu v Bolgarii) [Mithraism in the Madara Horseman Symbolism (on the basis of materials from 5th Int. conf. on Tengrism in Bulga- ria)]. Mezhkul'turnaya kommunikatsiya: osnovy didaktiki — Intercultural Communication: The Foundations of Didactics. Ulan-Ude: Buryat State University Publ., 2015.
14. Aver'yanov B. V., Abaev N. V. Khas-tamga v buryat-mongol'skom tengrianstve v period kvantovogo perekhoda [Khas Tamga in Buryat-Mongolian Tengrism during the Quantum Transition Period]. Available at: http://asiarussia.ru/articles/9161/ (accessed Sep- tember 19, 2015).
15. Baizhumin Zh. Istoriya rozhdeniya, zhizni i smerti pastukha Avelya. Ariiskii leksi- kon [The History of Shepherd Abel’s Birth, Life and Death. The Aryan Lexicon]. Almaty,2009. Bk 1–2.
16. Baizhumin Zh. Turan. Vzglyad na istoriyu chelovechskogo obshchestva [Turan. A Look at the History of Human Society]. Almaty, 2012.Parts 1–4.
17. Baldanzhapov P. B. Zametki o toponimike Zabaikal'ya [Notes on the Toponymy of Transbaikal]. Etnograficheskii sbornik — Ethnographic Collection. Ulan-Ude, 1960. V.1.
18. Baldanzhapov P. B. Altan Tobchi [Golden Summary]. Ulan-Ude, 1970.
19. Iliev A. L. Tangra i bolgary [Tangra and Bulgarians]. Tengrianstvo i epicheskoe nasledie narodov Evrazii: istoki i sovremennost' — Tengrianism and Epic Heritage of Eu- rasian Peoples: Origins and the Present. Proc. 4th Int. sci.-pract. conf. (October 9–10,2013). Ulaanbaatar, 2013.
20. Koval' A. S. Simargl ili Vasilevs (Poslannik mezhdu nebom i zemlei) [Simargl or Basileus (Messenger between Heaven and Earth)]. Proc. 5th Int. sci.-pract. conf. September
20–25, 2015, Varna (Bulgaria). Sofia: BDNIK, 2015.
21. Konovalov P. B. Etnicheskie aspekty istorii Tsentral'noi Azii (drevnost' i sredne- vekov'e) [Ethnic Aspects of the Central Asia History (Antiquity and the Middle Ages)]. Ulan-Ude, 1999.
22. Kotozhekov A. I. «Altyn Archol» — kak ponyatie vysshego puti v tengrianstve ["Altyn Archol" as a Concept of the Higher Path in Tengrianism]. Tengrianstvo i epi- cheskoe nasledie narodov Evrazii: istoki i sovremennost' — Tengrianism and Epic Heritage of Eurasian Peoples: Origins and the Present. Proc. 4th Int. sci.-pract. conf. (October 9–10,2013). Ulaanbaatar, 2013.
23. Abaev N. V., Aver'yanov B. V. Printsipy edinstva i tselostnosti tengriansko- buddiiskoi tsivilizatsii [The Principles of Tengrian-Buddhist Civilization Unity and Integri- ty]. Vestnik Buryatskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Gumanitarnye issledovaniya Vnu- trennei Azii — Bulletin of Buryat State University. Humanitarian Studies of Inner Asia. 2003. No. 3. Pp. 12–13.
24. Kotozhekov A. I. Astoriya. Abakan: Dom literatorov Khakasii, 2015.
25. Malyavkin A. G. Tanskie khroniki o gosudarstvakh Tsentral'noi Azii [Tang Chron- icles of Central Asian States]. Novosibirsk, 1989.
26. Mironova V. Yu. Mir posle kvantovogo perekhoda [The World after the Quantum Transition]. Available at: http://www.vrata11.ru/index.php?Itemid=33&catid=13:2011-03-15-23-51-0&id=882:2014-&option=com_content&view=article (accessed November 23,2014).
27. Neikova R. Ne unizhaite nashikh bogov… [Do not Humiliate our Gods ...]. Ten- grianstvo i epicheskoe nasledie narodov Evrazii: istoki i sovremennost' — Tengrianism and Epic Heritage of Eurasian Peoples: Origins and the Present. Proc. 4th Int. sci.-pract. conf. (October 9–10, 2013). Ulaanbaatar, 2013.
28. Fedorova L. V. Idei tengrianstva i sakral'nost' instituta vlasti [Ideas of Tengrianism and Sacred Institution of Power]. Tengrianstvo i epicheskoe nasledie narodov Evrazii: istoki i sovremennost' — Tengrianism and Epic Heritage of Eurasian Peoples: Origins and the Present. Proc. 4th Int. sci.-pract. conf. (October 9–10, 2013). Ulaanbaatar, 2013.
29. Fedorova L. V. Sokral'noe v ideologii evraziistva Avtoref. dis. kand. filos. nauk [Sacred in the Ideology of Eurasianism. Author’s abstract of Cand. philos. sci. diss.]. Mos- cow, 2013.
30. Fedorova L. V., Abaev N. V. Tengrianstvo i «shamanizm»: printsipial'nye razli- chiya stadial'no-tipologicheskikh form religii [Tengrianism and "Shamanism": Fundamen- tal Differences of Stadial and Typological Forms of Religion]. Sotsial'nye protsessy v sovremennoi Zapadnoi Sibiri — Social Processes in Modern Western Siberia. Gorno-Altaysk: Gorno-Altaisk State Univesity Publ., 2012. V. 13.
31. Tsydendambaev Ts. B. Buryatskie istoricheskie khroniki i rodoslovnye [Buryat Historical Chronicles and Family Trees]. Ulan-Ude, 1972.
32. Chagdurov S. Sh. Poetika Geseriady [Poetics of Geseriada]. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State University Publ., 1993.
33. Chagdurov S. Sh. Proiskhozhdenie Geseriady [The Origin of Geseriada]. Novosi- birsk, 1980.
34. Chagdurov S. Sh. Ergune-khun — prarodina mongoloyazychnykh rodov i plemen [Ergune-Hun asan Ancestral Home of Mongolian Tribes and Clans]. Mezhdunarodnyi kon- gress mongolovedov: Doklady Rossiiskoi delegatsii — International Congress of the Mon- golian Scholars: The Reports of Russian Delegation. Moscow, 1997.
35. Chagdurov S. Sh. Gornaya Buryatiya — prarodina vsekh mongolov [Mountainous Buryatia as an Ancestral Home of the Mongols]. Filologicheskii sbornik — Philological Collection.Ulan-Ude, 1999.
36. Mavrov Spas. Kholobar. The secrets of Tangraism. Varna: Dangrafik, 2007.
Article.pdf